German Grammar A–Z
Look up German grammar topics A–Z, organized by category and level — with clear explanations and examples.
Forming Adjectives from Adjectives or Verbs
There are many ways to form an adjective. The article below introduces some common ways of forming adjectives from adjectives and from verbs.
1. Adjektive aus Adjektiven
- By adding prefixes (Präfix) before an adjective, we can create new adjectives with different meanings:
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Prefix in-: diskret → indiskret
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Prefix des-: interessiert → desinteressiert
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Prefix un-: höflich → unhöflich
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Prefix ir-: rational → irrational
→ The prefixes in-, des-, un-, ir- are used to form adjectives with the opposite meaning.
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Prefix anti-: alkoholisch → antialkoholisch
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Prefix kontra-: produktiv → kontraproduktiv
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Prefix miss-: verständlich → missverständlich
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Prefix il-: legal → illegal
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Prefix non-: verbal → nonverbal
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Prefix de-: aktiviert → deaktiviert
- In addition, adjectives are also formed by a combination of:
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Adjektiv + Adjektiv: hellblau, dunkelblau, bitterkalt
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Verb + Adjektiv: wissbegierig
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Nomen + Adjektiv: leistungsfähig
2. Adjektive aus Verben
- A verb can become an adjective when a suffix (Suffix) is added after the verb stem:
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Suffix -bar: machen → machbar. Most adjectives formed with the suffix -bar describe the possibility of doing something, for example essbar means edible.
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Suffix -sam: sparen → sparsam
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Suffix -abel: spenden → spendabel
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Suffix -lich: bedrohen → bedrohlich
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Suffix -los: schlafen → schlaflos. This suffix means that something is absent (etwas nicht da ist, ohne etwas), for example arbeitslos means without a job.
- In addition, the participle forms / participle transformations of verbs can also be used as adjectives:
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Partizip I als Adjektiv: fragen → fragend
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Partizip II als Adjektiv: gefährden → gefährdet
