German Grammar A–Z
Look up German grammar topics A–Z, organized by category and level — with clear explanations and examples.
Distinguishing schon, noch and bereits
In German, schon, noch and bereits are usually understood in simple terms as already, yet, still; however, these words also carry many other interesting shades of meaning. Follow the examples below:
1) schon:
1. Schon means already (bereits):
When schon is in a sentence, we understand that the action has already been carried out and has happened.
Ex1: Ist dein Kind schon zur Schule gegangen? (Has your child gone to school yet?)
Ex2: Sie ist schon in Berlin. (She is already in Berlin.)
Ex3: Ich habe schon diesen Film gesehen. (I have already seen this film.)
1.2 Schon means ever, before:
Schon goes with mal and often appears in questions:
Ex1: Waren Sie schon mal in Deutschland? (Have you ever been to Germany?)
Ex2: Ich habe Sängerin Ho Ngoc Ha schon mal gesehen. (I have seen the singer Ho Ngoc Ha before.)
1.3 Schon means quickly, immediately:
Ex1: Der Dieb nahm meine Tasche und rannte schon weg. (The thief took my bag and ran away immediately.)
1.4 Schon means "okay, I see":
Ex1: Ich verstehe schon. (I understand!)
Ex2: Schon!! (All right!!)
2) bereits:
2.1 Bereits means already:
Ex1: Ich bin bereits hier. (I am already here.)
Ex2: Mein Computer ist bereits voll aufgeladen. (My computer is already fully charged.)
Ex3: Er ist jetzt bereits Spezialist. (He is already a specialist now.)
2.2 Bereits means to have begun (describing something going from one state to another):
Ex1: Die Rose welkt bereits. (The rose is already starting to wilt.)
Ex2: Es regnet bereits stark. (It is already starting to rain heavily.)
2.3 Bereits means really, truly:
Ex1: Ich bin bereits sehr glücklich. (I am really very happy.)
Ex2: Ich war bereits enttäuscht von deinem Verhalten gestern. (I was really disappointed by your behavior yesterday.)
3) noch:
3.1 Noch is understood in the opposite sense to schon and bereits, namely „still“:
That is, noch expresses an action that has not been completed.
Ex1: Hast du deine Hausaufgaben noch nicht gemacht? (Haven't you done your homework yet?)
Ex2: Noch nicht. (Not yet / Not certain yet.)
3.2 Noch with mal is understood as again, once more:
Ex1: Noch einmal. (One more time.)
Ex2: Noch eins bitte. (One more, please.)
3.3 The phrase weder...noch... means neither this... nor that:
Ex: Sie isst weder Fleisch, noch Fisch und noch Eier. (She eats neither meat, nor fish, nor eggs.)
3.4 Noch in questions:
Ex1: Noch etwas?/ Noch irgenwas? (Anything else?)
Ex2: Was noch? (What else?)
