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German Grammar A–Z

Look up German grammar topics A–Z, organized by category and level — with clear explanations and examples.

All grammar
Adverbien

Distinguishing schon, noch and bereits

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In German, schon, noch and bereits are usually understood in simple terms as already, yet, still; however, these words also carry many other interesting shades of meaning. Follow the examples below:

1) schon:

1. Schon means already (bereits):

When schon is in a sentence, we understand that the action has already been carried out and has happened.

Ex1: Ist dein Kind schon zur Schule gegangen? (Has your child gone to school yet?)

Ex2: Sie ist schon in Berlin. (She is already in Berlin.)

Ex3: Ich habe schon diesen Film gesehen. (I have already seen this film.)

1.2 Schon means ever, before:

Schon goes with mal and often appears in questions:

Ex1: Waren Sie schon mal in Deutschland? (Have you ever been to Germany?)

Ex2: Ich habe Sängerin Ho Ngoc Ha schon mal gesehen. (I have seen the singer Ho Ngoc Ha before.)

1.3 Schon means quickly, immediately:

Ex1: Der Dieb nahm meine Tasche und rannte schon weg. (The thief took my bag and ran away immediately.)

1.4 Schon means "okay, I see":

Ex1: Ich verstehe schon. (I understand!)

Ex2: Schon!! (All right!!)

2) bereits:

2.1 Bereits means already:

Ex1: Ich bin bereits hier. (I am already here.)

Ex2: Mein Computer ist bereits voll aufgeladen. (My computer is already fully charged.)

Ex3: Er ist jetzt bereits Spezialist. (He is already a specialist now.)

2.2 Bereits means to have begun (describing something going from one state to another):

Ex1: Die Rose welkt bereits. (The rose is already starting to wilt.)

Ex2: Es regnet bereits stark. (It is already starting to rain heavily.)

2.3 Bereits means really, truly:

Ex1: Ich bin bereits sehr glücklich. (I am really very happy.)

Ex2: Ich war bereits enttäuscht von deinem Verhalten gestern. (I was really disappointed by your behavior yesterday.)

3) noch:

3.1 Noch is understood in the opposite sense to schon and bereits, namely „still“:

That is, noch expresses an action that has not been completed.

Ex1: Hast du deine Hausaufgaben noch nicht gemacht? (Haven't you done your homework yet?)

Ex2: Noch nicht. (Not yet / Not certain yet.)

3.2 Noch with mal is understood as again, once more:

Ex1: Noch einmal. (One more time.)

Ex2: Noch eins bitte. (One more, please.)

3.3 The phrase weder...noch... means neither this... nor that:

Ex: Sie isst weder Fleisch, noch Fisch und noch Eier. (She eats neither meat, nor fish, nor eggs.)

3.4 Noch in questions:

Ex1: Noch etwas?/ Noch irgenwas? (Anything else?)

Ex2: Was noch? (What else?)

📝 Knowledge check

1. Könnten Sie ...... einmal sagen?
2. Ich bin ......... mal nach Berlin geflogen.
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